Elsebaii has investigated theoretically and experimentally a shallow solar pond integrated with a ba e plate. Comparative study of the effect of depth and season on the performance of the reverseside absorberplate shallow solar pond in the nsukka climate ho njoku, ov ekechukwu, ao odukwe international journal of sustainable energy 28 4, 203215, 2009. The primary difference between this pond and the shallow solar pond is that the water is not pumped in and out of its storage medium. A shallow solarpond integrated with a baffle plate is investigated theoretically and experimentally under tanta prevailing weather conditions. The shallow pond argument offtopic discussion gamespot. Pdf this paper discusses the solar pond technology and how it is applied to desalination. This generates stable zones of several salt contents which. Design and testing of a plastic bubblefilm covered. One method is the water budget approach, in which evaporation. A shallow solar pond can be used for any application that requires large amounts of hot water, and helps avoid some of the costs associated with more conventional systems. We have contour layers designed into the garden so the water slowly soaks through, adds geoff lawton. Solar pondpowered desalination is a promising renewable energy system for. Performance evaluation of nanofluids in solar energy. The name implies that the depth of water in the ssp is relatively small, typically 4 15 cm.
When the suns rays contact the bottom of a shallow pool, they heat the water adjacent to the bottom. The bag containing the water consisted of a black polyethylene bottom 1. Solar pond and its application to desalination citeseerx. The key feature of a saltwater solar pond is that it has increasing. Shallow solar pond can be built easily and at a comparatively low cost over large space, using. This paper discusses the solar pond technology and how it is applied to desalination.
The biological activity in a stabilization pond is affected by three primary climatic conditions. The energybalance equations for various parts of the pond are. Solar energy will warm a body of water that is exposed to the sun, but the water loses its. So youre walking to work and on the way you see a small child drowning in a shallow pond.
C s foster a f solar energy industries association. So, it would appear logical to employ a natural lake and convert a shallow portion of it to a solar pond. The shallow solar pond and the deep saltless pond are the examples of convective type. Solar pond awesome pdf desalination water resources scribd. A technical note on fabrication and thermal performance. Pdf performance improvement of shallow solar pond using.
A wellresearched example of a convecting pond is the. A solar pond is a mass of shallow water about 1 or 2 metres deep with a large collection area,which acts as a heat trap. The other type of nonconvecting pond is the deep, saltless pond. The three zones an upper convective zone of clear fresh water that acts as solar collectorreceiver and which is relatively the most shallow in depth and is generally close to ambient temperature, a gradient which serves as the nonconvective zone which is much thicker and occupies more than half the depth of the pond. Research article a technical note on fabrication and. A pond skimmer is a musthave tool for a complete pond filtration system. A solar pond is an artificial basin of water with a high concen. Combining two solutions of different composition releases the gibbs free. Design of a solar pond for solar energy storagerecovery. This manual provides the waste stabilization pond operator with the basics. Energy efficiency assessment of integrated and nonintegrated solar.
Easypro pa8swn dual diffuser shallow pond aeration kit improves water quality for ponds up to 7 feet deep, 34 acre, energy efficient, weather resistant, includes 100 foot weighted hose. Examining potential benefits of combining a chimney with a salinity gradient solar pond for production of power in salt affected areas. Evaporation losses from shallow water bodies in oklahoma figure 1. A shallow solar pond was designed from inexpensive plastic materials and tested during the summer months. This pond consists of pure water enclosed in a large bag that allows convection but hinders evaporation.
A linear stability study of the gradient zone of a solar pond. For power production in the multimegawatt range, a solar pond of several square kilometers surface area is needed. Chapter 14 wastewater treatment ponds 141, background. The energybalance equations for various parts of the pond are solved analytically using the elimination technique. This pond consists of pure water enclosed in a large bag that allowsconvection but hinders evaporation.
It was found that the performance of a solar still associated with the pond is 52. Saltgradient solar ponds for solar energy utilization. Convecting ponds, which reduce heat loss by hindering evaporation with a cover over the surface of the pond. As a result, the water near the bottom of the pond becomes warm up to 93. Convecting pond a wellresearched example of a convecting pond is the shallow solar pond. A wast ewater stabilization pond is a relatively shallow body of wastewater contained in an earthen basi n which is designed to treat wastewater. Saltgradient solar ponds function as systems to collect and store solar energy. Thermal performance of a shallow solarpond integrated. Salinitygradient solar ponds are of interest as a means for collecting solar energy. Solar salt ponds are shallow ponds of brines that range in salinity from that of normal. A solar pond is a shallow body of water which acts as a solar collector with integral heat storage for. It has been pointed out by magal 94 that there is no exact method available for sizing a solar pond depending on the heating requirements. Incoming solar radiation is the main source in contrast to ldland, not all net solar radi idiation is absorbed on the surface in pure water, about 70% is adsorbed in the top 5 m 16 ft solar radiation adsorbed below the surface is stored energy 12. Ijsrd international journal for scientific research.
Another use of the output from a salt gradient solar pond is to operate a lowtemperature distillation unit to desalt seawater, such as msf see chapter 8, section 8. The shallow solarpond ssp is a water filled plastic bag placed inside an enclosure, which is insulated at the bottom and sides and covered by a clear plastic cover. As the water runs down the garden, it feeds a larger pond which is powered by a little solar powered pump that creates the feel of a natural water fall near the main entry point to the house. Swd system by combining direct contact membrane distillation with solar ponds. For purposes of designing a solar pumping system, pressure can be thought of as the work that the pump must overcome to move a certain amount of water. Solar ponds absorb the solar energy and the absorbed. In solar ponds, various techniques are used to limit convection or heat loss and thus trap a substantial amount of energy within the pond. Heat and salt di usion in the pond were taken into account and simulate the transient behavior of a sgsp. India was the first asian country to have established a solar pond in bhuj, in gujarat. A solar pond is a body of water that collects and stores solar energy. The largest operating solar pond for electricity generation was the beit haarava pond built in israel and operated up until 1988. Pdf solar energy is being used in many ways, but the easiest to trap solar energy is solar pond. This communication presents a theoretical analysis of a shallow solar pond water heater, which is in good agreement with the experiments of kudish and wolf 1979 and the authors. A solar pond is a shallow body of water which acts as a.
The bag has a blackened bottom, has foam insulation below, and two types of. Bird baths and backyard ponds adding a bird bath to your yard is the easiest way to provide drinking and bathing water for birds. To ensure the right pressure, the water travels through a pressurizing pump as it is pumped out. Janarthanan 8 compared the thermal performance of two solar ponds experimentally and theoretical. However, this is not feasible economically, since excavation and preparation account for more than 40% of the total capital cost of the powergenerating station tabor, 1981. In this paper, the thermal performance of a shallow solar pond ssp under the batch mode of heat extraction has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. There are three types of nonconvective solar ponds. Thermal performance enhancement of a shallow solar pond. Whether you have a pond that features a relaxing waterfall, an elegant fountain, or a fish pond that is stocked with brightly colored koi fish, a pond skimmer will capture any debris that is floating on the surface of the water and will keep your aquatic paradise clean and vibrant. In an ordinary pond or lake, when the suns rays heat up the water, this. Light sunlight is the driving force for photosynthesis and the production of oxygen in a pond. Estimating water evaporation several methods have been used by researchers to estimate evaporation losses from open water bodies. A transient mathematical model is presented for the pond.
A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. Process as sunlight enters the pond, the water and the lining absorb the solar radiation. Design of small photovoltaic pv solarpowered water pump. There are two type of solar ponds, which are of non convecting type, and convecting type. International journal of engineering research and general science volume 1, issue 2, december 20. Designing solar water pumping systems for livestock. Solar water pumping principles for any solar pumping system, the capacity to pump water is a function of three main variables. It contains dissolved salts to generate a stable density gradient. A wellresearched example of a convecting pond is the shallow solar pond. A solar pond is a shallow body of water which acts. Renewable energysolar thermal wikibooks, open books for.
Although all of the layers store some heat, the bottom layer stores the most. Evaporation losses from shallow water bodies in oklahoma. The shallow solar pond is built with a surface area of 1. A solar pond combines these two functions which makes the solar pond a cheap. Types of solar ponds convecting solar pondsa wellresearched example of a convecting pond is the shallow solar pond. Sodium chloride nacl has been used to form a salt gradient for better performance, and a darkcolored blackened rigid surface bottom with 1 mm irregularities has been considered for trapping the heat in a good amount. Floating pond fountains and aerators are very beneficial to all aquatic life, they help replenish the supply of oxygen which is lacking in stagnant ponds. However, this value can be enhanced up to 50% by combining the extraction of heat from the lcz and the ncz. Pdf thermal performance on portable mini solar pond using. Solar pond as one way to utilize solar energy and shallow solar pond ssp is one type of solar pond.
First off, this is not necessarilymy view its an argument by princeton philosopher peter singer. A solar pond has been fabricated to analyze the thermal behavior of it, in the climatic conditions of moradabad, uttar pradesh. The circulation of water helps in the process of destratification, or helps breakup the column of water in the pond normally the upper 46 feet where most of the algae growth begins. A computer program has been developed based on an analytical solution of the energybalance equations of different elements of the. International journal of engineering research and general.
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